红外相机技术在河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区中的应用

为了充实河北雾灵山自然保护区的野生动物资源本底资料,提高监测能力和监测水平,雾灵山保护区自2015年开始将红外相机技术应用到野生动植物的资源调查和管护中。目前应用红外相机技术发现兽类5目10科14种,鸟类4目6科10种,掌握了区内主要物种猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、狍(Capreolus)和勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)的日活动节律,补充了保护区的本底调查资料,为保护区进一步开展金钱豹(Panthera pardus)、斑羚(Naemorhedus goral)和鸟类多样性等科学研究奠定了基础,为保护区制定关于野生动物资源的相关管护政策提供了科学依据。     

Changes in wettability of wood surface using electron beam irradiation

ABSTRACT

This study deals with the influence of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the wettability of Norway spruce surface samples. To evaluate this possible effect in detail, the changes in chemistry and wood structure were analysed using the methods of IR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface wettability was determined by the contact angle measurement method. The results of infrared spectra show decreased relative numbers of available hydrophilic groups (e.g. hydroxyl and carbonyl groups) in the wood surfaces due to the electron beam irradiation. This behaviour is consistent with the values from the surface wettability measurements. Structural differences of the wood surfaces after electron beam irradiation were not detectable. Based on these findings pre-treatment of wood surfaces for industrial usages can be a potential field of application of this technology.     

4种植物油热氧化同步荧光光谱分析

以亚麻籽油、大豆油、菜籽油与葵花籽油为原料,在不同温度条件下氧化并测定其不同时间的同步荧光光谱,分析同步荧光光谱及荧光物质变化情况。结果表明,4种植物油不同温度下的同步荧光光谱峰变化主要集中在300~415 nm内,且随着加热时间的延长存在波动现象;在50℃和150℃加热氧化条件下,300,330,375,415 nm这4个峰都存在明显的波动现象;二维相关分析表明,这4个峰的荧光强度变化速率不同,不同油变化差异较大;同种油在不同温度下,4个峰的波动情况、相互关系、变化速率均有明显差异。这些峰的变化与油脂氧化过程中荧光物质和油脂氧化程度的变化有关,可以利用同步荧光光谱的变化特性作为监控油脂氧化的依据。     

近冰点温度贮藏草莓的研究

草莓呼吸旺盛,果皮薄易受伤,难以贮藏。利用近冰点温度贮藏可以明显地抑制草莓的呼吸作用,结合小袋包装的气密性,改善了包装内部的气体组成,提高草莓果实周围的相对湿度并减少空气对流,从而抑制了草莓在贮藏过程中糖分、水分的损耗,减少了糖酸比值的下降。保持了一定的感观指标,可使草莓的贮藏时间延长。     

水溶液中MTsPc分子聚集态的吸收光谱研究

合成并提纯了六种第四周期过渡金属的MTsPc(M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)分子,并利用吸收光谱对不同浓度和pH下水溶液中MTsPc分子的聚集态进行了系统研究。实验结果表明MTsPc在水溶液中形成分子二聚体的能力顺序为NiTsPc>CuTsPc>ZnTsPc>CoTsPc。根据吸收光谱结果,可将六种MTsPc分成三类。第一类为ZnTsPc、CuTsPc和NiTsPc,这三种分子在溶液中只能形成正常面对面二聚体,而不能与氧加合。第二类为CoTsPc,其在溶液中既可以形成分子二聚体也可以与氧加合,而生成分子氧桥二聚体。第三类为MnTsPc和FeTsPc,这两种分子在溶液中多数以含氧桥二聚体形式存在,且多为原子氧桥二聚体。溶液pH值的变化可以改变溶液中MTsPc分子的存在状态。对于第一类MTsPc,酸碱性条件均促使其分子二聚体的形成,而对于第二、三类的MTsPc,酸性条件使得其形成分子氧桥二聚体,碱性中则形成原子氧桥二聚体。     

Prediction of chemical composition and peroxide value in unground pet foods by near‐infrared spectroscopy

The massive development of the pet food industry in recent years has lead to the formulation of hundreds of canine and feline complete extruded foods with the objective of meeting both the needs of the animals and numerous demands from pet owners. In the meantime, highly variable raw material compositions and the industry's new production techniques oblige manufacturers to monitor all phases of the extrusion process closely in order to ensure the targeted composition and quality of the products. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of infrared technology (visible and near‐infrared spectrophotometer; 570–1842 nm) in predicting the chemical composition and peroxide value (PV) of unground commercial extruded dog foods. Six hundred and forty‐nine commercial extruded dog foods were collected. For each product, an unground aliquot was analysed by infrared instrument while a second aliquot was sent to a laboratory for proximate analysis and PV quantification. The wide range of extruded dog food typologies included in the study was responsible for the wide variability observed within each nutritional trait, especially crude fibre and ash. The mean value of the 208 pet foods sampled for PV quantification was 17.49 mEq O₂/kg fat (min 2.2 and max 94.10 mEq O₂/kg fat). The coefficients of determination in cross‐validation of NIRS prediction models were 0.77, 0.97, 0.83, 0.86, 0.78 and 0.94 for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) respectively. PV prediction was less precise, as demonstrated by the coefficient of determination in cross‐validation (0.66). The results demonstrated the potential of NIRS in predicting chemical composition in unground samples, with lower accuracy for moisture and ash, while PV prediction models suggest use for screening purposes only.     

Pedotransfer functions to assess adsorbed phosphate using iron oxide content and magnetic susceptibility in an Oxisol

Adsorbed phosphate in soils can be chemically extracted; however, this process is both time‐consuming and not cost‐effective if large numbers of samples have to be analysed. Indirect assessment of adsorbed phosphate by pedotransfer functions (PTFs) can help optimize fertilizer strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of adsorbed phosphate (P_ads), iron oxides and magnetic susceptibility (MS) in oxisols and to calibrate PTFs to predict P_ads. A total of 308 soil samples were collected from Hapludox and Eutrudox soils formed from sandstone in Brazil. The contents of clay (196–607 g/kg), iron oxides (40–165 g/kg), MS (1.2–29 × 10^?6 m³/kg) and P_ads (327–842 mg/kg) were in the range of typical values for these highly weathered soils. This study showed that the attributes studied were spatially dependent. Geomorphic surfaces enabled understanding of spatial variability and helped to develop a more efficient sampling scheme to calibrate PTFs. Moreover, the adsorbed phosphate in these oxisols could be predicted by a PTF using iron oxides and MS as predictors. The MS attribute enabled the most accurate prediction (concordance coefficient = 0.95, root‐mean‐square error = 46 mg/kg and relative improvement in root‐mean‐square error = ?4.12) of spatial variability through PTF compared to other predictors.     

Feasibility analysis of NIR for detecting sweet corn seeds vigor

This paper explores the feasibility of particle-based detection and grading of seed vigor based on a self-built seed single-granulation device using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Sweet corn with uniform kernel size was used for this study. The seed samples were divided into three types, they were normal seeds, artificially aged seeds and heat-damaged seeds. A 2-part spectral acquisition of each seed were performed, one for the collection of seeds that fall into the detection zone within the separation pipe, another was on the static platform, whose collection was performed on 5 faces of each seed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify the original data of the seeds. In the 2 parts, the discriminant results of the unprocessed normal seeds and the artificial accelerated aging seeds, the untreated normal seeds and the heat-damaged seeds showed that classification accuracy was higher than 98%. The research indicates that the spectral data of different positions of seeds can reflect their activity information, and it is feasible to detect and classify seeds in real time in the detection area of the separation pipeline.     

基于分数阶微分视频融合的森林烟火检测算法

森林火灾检测是国内外林业应用研究的重要课题之一。及时准确地检测到森林火灾，对于森林健康及环境安全意义重大。现有的利用视频技术检测森林火灾的方法大多针对单一波段，如可见光波段或红外波段的视频信息进行分析，然而在实际应用过程中，由于森林环境复杂，基于单一波段视频信息检测火灾的结果欠佳。现阶段，基于多个波段的森林火灾检测方法非常少。本文综合利用红外及可见光视频特征，提出了一种基于分数阶微分视频融合的森林烟火检测算法，将分数阶微分理论引入红外视频和可见光视频融合中，利用分数阶微分算子对两个波段视频进行融合，然后利用背景去除法检测融合视频中的异常帧，且对异常帧图像及其与背景帧的差分图像分别进行图像分割，最终得到检测出的森林烟火区域。采用空间频率、平均梯度、森林火灾检测准确率和森林火灾检测时间误差度4个测度对本文算法和基于区域能量融合算法、基于窗口方差融合算法、基于HSI变换融合算法进行定量分析和比较。结果表明，本文算法的融合视频的融合效果最佳，并且森林火灾检测准确率和森林火灾检测时间误差均明显优于其他3种算法，说明本文提出的算法具有较好的有效性和准确性，为森林火灾检测提供了有利的新途径。